Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (PHPA), also known as hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), is a water-soluble, high-molecular-weight polymer derived from polyacrylamide through partial hydrolysis of amide groups into carboxylate groups. Due to its excellent rheological properties, chemical stability, and cost-effectiveness, PHPA is widely used in petroleum engineering, water treatment, agriculture, and environmental applications. ... Continue